Typically defined as having a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex.

• Diet: High consumption of sugary drinks, fast food, and processed snacks.
• Physical Inactivity: Sedentary lifestyles, often due to increased screen time.
• Genetics: Family history can play a role in obesity risk.
• Environment: Limited access to healthy foods and safe spaces for physical activity.

Health Risks

• Increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, and orthopedic problems.
• Psychological effects, including low self-esteem and depression.

Metabolic Syndrome

• A cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. It includes factors like high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels.

Criteria for Diagnosis in Children

• Abdominal Obesity: Waist circumference above the 90th percentile for age and sex.
• Hyperglycemia: Elevated fasting blood sugar levels.
• Dyslipidemia: High levels of triglycerides or low levels of HDL cholesterol.
• Hypertension: High blood pressure measurements.

Risk Factors

• Similar to those for obesity: poor diet, lack of physical activity, and genetics.
• Environmental influences, such as socioeconomic status and access to healthcare.

Prevention

• Healthy Eating: Avoidance of sugary beverages, Packaged foods
• Physical Activity: At least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise daily.
• Screening: Regular check-ups to monitor BMI, blood pressure, and metabolic markers can help identify at-risk children early.